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What's on the final?

• Countries of the World
• Capitals of the Countries
• Important Peoples
• Oceans of the World
• Continents of Earth
• Major Seas (Mediterranean & Caribbean)

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"You only need to know the main points of each." -Mrs. Moore

Plato - Father of Philosophy (Greek); Influenced by Socrates (he was a student); wrote The Republic about ideal state
Aristotle - Student of Plato; wrote politics about the constititions of 158 states; concluded there were 3 good forms of government; monarchy, aristocracy, and constitutional government
Voltaire - From France, exiled to England; philosopher from Enlightenment; criticized French institutions compared to English; strong opponent of catholic church; satirist; critical of church and nobility
Montesquieu - Created checks and balances; created 3 branches of government. Believed in 3 types of government, Republics (Smaller), Despotism (larger), Monarchy (Moderate)
Locke - Believed humans had natural rights (Life, liberty, property); Social contract between government and people, Tabular Rasa, inspired American Revolution and French Revolution with natural rights
Adam Smith - Father of Economics, wrote The Wealth of Nations; Laissez Faire = Hands off (government should stay out of business); Laws of Supply and Demand; Law of Competition
Robespierre - “Incorruptible”; main leader of French Revolution; Created Reign of Terror; Contradicted his earlier beliefs of no death penalty, created many executions by Guillotine
Napoleon - Coup d’état of France after Revolution because of weak government; conquered much of Europe; meritocracy; downfall; trash attack in Russia; defeated at Battle of Waterloo
Marx - The Communist Manifesto; introduced ideas of socialism & against capitalism; believed only violence would bring a revolution; COMMUNISM
Wilson - Created peace treaty after WWI including 14 points; created League of Nations; president during WWI
Trotsky - Lenin’s right-hand man; great military leader (tactics); commissioner for Foreign Affairs during Lenin’s Reign; kicked out by Stalin when Lenin died.
Lenin - Founder of Russian Communist Party; first heado f Soviet Union; created New Economic Policy; shaped the Soviet Union
Stalin - DTransformed Soviet Union to industrial and military superpower; secretary general of the Central Committee of the Communist Party when Lenin was in power; Great Purge (enemies; power threats); Leader after Lenin; Created Satellite States; Big Three
Gandhi - Nonviolent philosophy of passive resistance; Civil disobedience; imprisoned by British; led Indian independence movement; inspired many reforms
Mussolini - Italian Dictator during WW2; allied with Hitler and Needed his help to keep power; Early European fascist; inspired Hitler; OVRA = Secret Police; Black shirts; made deal with Catholic Church (Lateran Accords)
Hitler - Dictator of Germany during WWII, created Nazis and Final Solution. Gestapo = Secret police of Hitler; Brownshirts/Stormtroopers (SS)
Churchill - Prime minister of Britain during WWII; Wartime leader; one of the Big Three; Iron Curtain Speech; Led Brittan through war/ considered hero
FDR - One of the Big Three, Good Neighbor Policy; Self-Determinations for Europe; New Deal; Created programs like SS and food stamps to help people during the Great Depression. Created social security, gave labor unions more rights, increased minimum wage.
Mao - Led Communist Revolution in China, Little Red Book of his sayings; Great Leap Forward; Cultural Revolution; Red Guard; Significant figure in communism history. failed Five Year Plan
Chiang - Nationalist leader/Guomintang of China; Fled to Taiwan when Mao came to power; People of Taiwan thought he would bring democracy Military & political leader, led a successful unification of China
Truman - Decided to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki ending WW11; Truman Doctrine; fight against communism; helped rebuild post-war Europe; led US into Korean War
Castro - Communist leader of Cuba; supported by Soviet Union; Leader during Cuban Missile Crisis; Totalitarian regime; Bay of Pigs
Brezhnev - Soviet Union Leader; Brezhnev Doctrine = the right of the Soviet Union to intervene if communism was threated in another state; Détente = improved relations with US; heavy industry
Ho - Communist leader of Vietnam; rebelled against French forces in Vietnam; tried to unite North Vietnam and anti-communism South Vietnam; Supported by Soviet Union
Mandela - First Black president of South Africa; Helped end segregation in South Africa; Ended apartheid; sign of oppression; led to change in south Africa; arrested for peaceful marches; got people to boycott South Africa in order to free him from prison
Walesa - Created Solidarity (national trade union); first n-communist president in 1990 for a long time; led the works for reforms; created wave of revolution in Poland; got Poland away from communism
Arafat - Leader of the PLO; lead the guerrilla movement al-Fatah against Israel; head of the semi-independent area called Palestinian Authority
Bin Laden - Former leader and founder of al-Qaeda; used al-Qaeda for terrorism to kill Americans; 9/11; Responsible for many terrorist attacks; killed in 2011