abstract terms
words that represent ideas, qualities, concepts, issues, emotions. EX: beauty, peace, freedom, anger, creativity, friendship, racisim, etc,
allegory
story intended to be read on two different levels, literal and symbolic
EX: The Odyssey is an ________ of our lives.
alliteration
repetitionof similar sounds at the beginning of words. How much wood can a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
analogy
A literary device that helps establish a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas. Example: In the same way as one cannot have a rainbow without the rain, one cannot achieve success and riches without hard work.
allusion
When the narrator mentions a refers to an outside person place legend other book or historical event. Example: In Romeo and Juliet, Mercutio often alludes to, or refers to, characters of Greek mythology.
anaphora
Repetition of an opening word or phrase and a series of lines or sentences
anecdote
A brief account of an interesting, entertaining, or humorous incident. The simple retelling of a particular episode that makes a single point or that relates to the purpose of an upcoming story or speeds that reveals a character trait.
antagonist
The character pitted against the protagonist in the story; the character or element who causes conflict/obstacles for the main character. And evil or cruel antagonist is a villain, but the antagonist is not always a villain
aphorism
Concise, pointed statement that intends to reveal a life truth, principle, or advice. (Similar to a proverb or maxim)
apostrophe
When the speaker or narrator directly talk to the person who is dead or not physically present, and imaginary person or entity, something in human, or an abstract idea or ideal. Example:speaking directly to death as though death is a person
archetype
Generally the original model from what something is developed; in literature, and archetype is a fundamental, persistent, and reoccurring image, figure, symbol, pattern, situation, and a character type universal he shared by people of diverse cultures.
Aristotle's 6 Principles of Drama
1.character
2.action/plot
3.theme/ideas
4.language
5.music
6.spectacle
aside
A dramatic device when I care to briefly speak says lots of loud to the audience or himself, not intended to be heard by other characters
Bildungsroman
Form of storytelling whereby the author bases the plot on the overall growth of the central character throughout the story. As the story progresses, the subject undergoes noticeable mental, physical, social, emotional, moral, and often spiritual advancement and strengthening before the readers' eyes.
cacophony
Harsh, jarring, abrasive, orographic sounds, such as words with K, G, CH, tea, P, and other glutterals and explosives
Climax
Key scene or incident;The most tents or exciting moment when our emotions are most involved; the forces in the conflict reach the highest intensification; the climax often gives us a glimpse as to what the outcome of the conflict might be;often called "turning point"
Colloquialism
Informal diction; casual, familiar conversations; slang
Comic relief
An interruption in the narrative designed to break the emotional intensity of a previous seen our event usually use to lighten the mood, add humor or cheer up the audience following and especially serious tragic or dramatic event
Connotation
A term that refers to the attitude, feeling, implication, and favor associated with a word, depending on the reader, the time, the tone of the writing, and the content which the word is used; opposite of denotation. Example: brightness, radiance and brilliance have a similar general "denotation" (meaning)
Denotation
A more direct, general, overall, basic literal meaning of the word. Opposite of connotation
Denouement
French term for "unknotting quote; the term refers to events following the climax of a story or play; the end part of the plot which provides resolution of the conflict and some type of explanation for the mysteries or misunderstandings of the plot
Deus ex machina
Latin for "good from a machine "; more literally, every first the intervention of a nonhuman or implausible force to resolve a seemingly unresolvable conflict;more generally, when an improbable or artificial resolutions occur, such as those by way of unbelievable coincidences or bizarre strokes of luck
Dichotomy
I sharply defined division of two parts; a set of distinct opposites; opposite ideas or concepts such as: good versus evil, light versus dark, love versus eight, ignorance first intelligence, etc. (sometimes also called " duality")
Diction
The word choice and types of words used by the author; It adds to the voice, tone, feeling, meaning, impact, style and purpose of the literature
Digression
A temporary departure from the main subject at hand and speaking or writing. The insertion of thoughts and information on related to, or distantly related to, the topic under discussion; a lengthy "tangent" (either for certain effect, for style, for deeper meaning, etc.)
Double entendre
A figure of speech or way of wording that is devised to be understood in either of two ways, having a double meaning. Typically one of the interpretations is obviously where is the other is more subtle.
Dramatic irony
Contrast between what appears to be true it what is really true, or when the readers know something that characters do not. Example: when Juliet face or death the audience no she is not truly dead, but most of the characters think she is.
Epic
I long, nearest home informal, elevated style, usually about the adventures of deeds of hero and events that are important to a culture or nation
Epithet
A repeated, descriptive phrase to emphasize a certain trait or aspect of a thing of character
Euphony
Pleasant, smooth sounding, such as words with LSFMON and other soft musical sound and letters
Euphemism
A word or phrase that is less direct, less harsh, less just tasteful, or less than another, used in order to make the thing or idea seem better. Example he is at rest or he is dead.
Existentialism
A philosophy that maintains that existence precedes essence and the concerns itself with humanities very being with it's perpetual, anguished struggle to exist.
Figurative language
Language communicates ideas beyond the ordinary, literal, service-level meaning of words; personification simile metaphor hyperbole, are forms of figurative language
Flashback
A detail, passage, or event that breaks the Ford, chronological sequence of the story and first events which took place previously; past events are memories
Foil
I characters traits or qualities contrasts those another character, Used to highlight or size of traits of the other character; example! Mercutio screwed speech makes Romeo more pleasant. Voyles are not necessarily opposites are enemies
Foreshadow
A detail or passage that gives the reader a hint about upcoming events has a connection to something that may happen later in the story
Hamartia
From the Greek for "error "; an error in judgment made by a tragic hero, whether resulting from a lack of knowledge or from a moral flaw. That brings about his or her suffering, downfall and/or death
Hubris
Extensive by that constitutes a character flaw and leads to his or her downfall; disastrous consequences results when one's hubris causes him to ignore a wise warning, to violate some moral rule, or to try and transcend ordinary limits
Hyperbole
A deliberate exaggeration, used for comic or series emphasis
Iambic Pentameter
Metrical pattern consisting of five iambic feet per line. Example: my heart is like a rose that goes away
Imagery
Lively descriptions which impress strong, detailed images of things upon the mind; vivid, picturesque, graphic and/or concrete language; "Paints a clear picture in readers minds"
Irony
Contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality. 3 types of reality...
Juxtaposition
Location of one thing, being adjacent or next to one another , this placement of two items side by side, creates a certain effect.
Logos
Way an author or speaker sets up or organizes his argument. Logical ratio ionic reasonable structure. Appeal to and use of logic
Malapropism
Deliberate misuse of a word, erroneous substitution for the correct word with a word that sounds similar but has very different meaning
Metaphor
Figure of speech in which something is compared o another by being spoken of as a though it were actually that thing. That mountain of a man
Motif
Any element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present through the entire body of literature. The repetition of a specific theme, image or umbel dominating the literary work
Oxymoron
Figure of speech in which two contradictory terms or ideas are combined to create one, new thing, expression, or idea. I am smart
Paradox
A statement which seems in seems to be contradictory, but upon closer examination or deeper analysis, may hold some truth, logic or sense. Success is counted sweetest by those who never succeed.
Parody
A work of literature that mimics another work of literature, when characters or events of aSerious or traditional work are imitated or 'made fun of'
Parallelism
Rhetorical device used to add organizing force, attract attention, add rhythm and or emphasize ideas or images by using grammatically similar constructions; words, phrases, clauses, sentences or even paragraphs may be organized into parallel constructions.
Pathos
Appeal to emotion, from Greek for "emotion" or "passion" or "suffering"
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Personification
figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract concept is given human-like qualities
Plot
1. Exposition- introduction or basic solution
2. Rising Action- complications begin or intensify: series of events occur in which main character begins to take action and conflicts happen
3. Climax- key scene or incident
4. Falling Action- events immediately after climax, leading to resolution
5. Resolution/Denouement- "end" of story, assume.draw conclusions about the outcome
Point of View
1. Omniscient-"all knowing" viewpoint, narrator knows everything about all characters
2. 3rd Person Limited- narrator focuses on thoughts feelings problems of one main character
3. 1st Person- narrator is a character, uses "I"
Protagonist
Main Character, positive
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Pun
a play on words usually based on the similarity of sounds between two words with different meanings
Satire
literary technique in which ideas events or customs are ridiculed
HORATIAN- pokes fun at humble foils with witty indulgent or silly tone
JUVENALIAN- denounces human vice and error, serious
Sensory Detail
words, phrases or images appeal to or triggering thoughts of the five senses
Simile
uses like and as. figure of speech. Comparing
Syllogism
a for of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them
Symbolism
when an object, character, image, color place etc. represents or stands for 'something else'
Syntax
the arrangement of words within sentences
Surreal
showing unreal bizarre, dreamlike, magical, or fantasy-like images and descriptions
Theme
NOT simply the subject, concept or issue in literary work. but rather a statement that the text seems to be conveying about that subject, concept issue. the theme of a work often reveals some "truth" or "insight" about human nature, life, society, and/or the "good and bad" that exists in the world
Tone
The expression of attitude. Attitude toward subject and audience.
Transition
a word, phrase, or passage in speech or writing that leads or carries the listener or reader from one idea to the next, from one part to the next
Understatement
a deliberate representation of something as much less that it really is. it sometimes carries a sarcastic tone, at type of _____________ is litotes - an affirmative using the negative form of its acronym
Volta
sudden shift
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